we are not living in vacuum, and the society is formed of various kinds of people. as long as we want to live, study, or work, we have to contact, communicate and cooperate with others. those who enjoy common interests, mutual understanding, common undertakings and common benefits become friends.
some friends are called fair-weather friends, because they are together just for entertaining themselves by eating, drinking, and gossiping. once there's nothing to eat and drink, their friendship is finished. some are spiritual friends who share common ambitions, pursuits and education. “they enjoy talking and laughing with the great talents and never make friends with the good-for-nothings”. the best examples would be yu boya and zhong ziqi of the ancient times who are famous not only for their lofty music but mainly for their lofty characters and mutual understanding and appreciation. they cared very little about material wealth, so their friendship is known as “gentlemen's friendship as pure as water”.the third type of friendship belong to those who show their utter devotion to each other. they are ready not only to share weal and woe but also to die for each other, like the three brothers liu, guan and zhang in the novel romance of the three kingdoms. . we all wish to have this kind of friendship, but it's of great difficulty for the ordinary people to be as devoted as they were.
fraternal love or friendship is wide-ranged and flexible. generally speaking, everyone is our friend, just as chairman mao says “our friends are all over the world”。 but transcend age, sex, nationality, state and economic conditions. to them the most important is common benefit, common interest and understanding. friendship is formed during the course of studying, working and fighting. the battle companions who have survived many hazards usually enjoy long-lasting friendship.
however, nobody has ever made out what the word “love” really connotes, not even the most famous people such as great politicians, saints and philosophers can clarify the meaning of “love”， neither can they deal with the various affairs concerning love. love is like a huge boundless net that shrouds us all in. we can neither break away from it nor escape from it. like it or not, we are always entangled in it. it is an invisible net without any form, that shrouds in different people from different angels; it is a merciless net that upsets us or even tortures us to death. it is also a supreme net which almost no human can surpass. even if they are heroes, emperors, wise men or saints, they can do nothing but show their helplessness in its face. those who can breathe through the holes of the net should be regarded beyond commonness and vulgarity. love can bring us temporary comfort and happiness, but mostly they bring about annoyance and sufferings. maybe this is the reason why many people have seen through the illusions of the mortal world. however it is not so easy to break away from this boundless, ever-existing and indifferent net of love.
love is varied and changeable, but roughly it can be divided into three categories: family love, fraternal love and amatory love. not like monkey king who jumped out of the rocks, we were all born after mother's pregnancy of about nine months, hence we have countless relatives without any choice: parents, grand-parents, and grand-parents-in-law, uncles and aunties, brothers and sisters, etc. and once looking at the genealogical tree, we'll see no end. family love is what everyone longs for, but the warmth and support from our beloved ones are what everyone yearns for the most. but how many of us are determined to contribute to our beloved one? and how many don't expect repayment and relaxed. conscience even if they have the desire and preparation to contribute to their beloved. the distance between relatives is different and so are their expectations. but since it's very difficult to know how much we should expect, a lot of worries and distresses emerge.
To witness immoral behavior in public, one need only visit the Beijing subway. I still remember the first time I took the Beijing subway. It was an early morning. I was in a hurry to go to school. When I was trying to get a ticket, I found a lot of people waiting in front of me, but nobody was in the line.
Immoral behaviors in public exert a series of problems. One of the most serious ones is that it may exert a negative impact on our sense of social responsibility. We will keep ignoring other people’s rights and feelings, and in turn, we too will be disrespected some day.
The improvement of this phenomenon is certainly not easy. With an eye on practical implementation and cost effectiveness, I propose that society make it clear in every way that people who fail to respect the common good will be seriously punished. Stricter policies for this should be made to correct this phenomenon as soon as possible.
To be a polite middle-school-student,we'll have to do a lot of things. First,we can't throw rubbish everywhere. We must throw them in the rubbish bins. Littering is not a good habit. Second, we shall speak politely. We shall respect the others. Third, behave well. We should be kind to others, warm-hearted to everyone, and generous to our friends.That's some tips for you to be a polite middle-school-student.
作为一名文明中学生,我们得做很多事情。首先,我们不能到处乱丢垃圾。我们必须把它们丢在垃圾箱里。乱丢垃圾不是一种好习惯。其次,我们讲话要彬彬有礼。我们应当尊重别人。第三,行为端正。我们应该善待他人,善待每一个人,对我们的朋友要慷慨大方。这就是我的几条关于做文明礼貌中学生的建议。
Xi'an is the capital of 13 ancient Chinese dynasties. It is no doubt the perfect representative of Chinese histoiy and culture. With the longest history of being a capital and the greatest influence in China's history, it tops all the Chinese ancient capitals. It is the starting point of the Silk Road as well as the birthplace of Chinese culture. Filled with amazing historic wonders, Xi'an is attracting a large number of tourists from home and abroad. It boasts the oldest and most spectacular museums and temples in China, among which the most famous is the 20__-year-old Terracotta Warriors Museum.
西安是中国古代13个王朝(dynasty)的首都。毫无疑问，它是中国历史与文化的完美代表。西安居于“中国古都”之首，在中国历史上建都时间最长、影响力最大。它是丝绸之路(the Silk Road)的起点，是中华文明的发祥地。西安到处都是令人惊叹的历史奇观，因此吸引着众多的国内外游客。那里有着中国最古老、最壮观的博物馆和寺庙，其中最有名的是拥有20__年历史的兵马俑博物馆(the Terracotta Warriors Museum)。
At present, with the improvement of people's living standard, more and more people go out to travel. However, while tourists enjoy the beautiful scenery, they also destroy it. There are many uncivilized behaviors, such as spitting, littering, and scribbling on walls and so on.
Whether these behaviors are intentional or not, they have had a harmful influence on our cities, even on our country. For one thing, visitors would not be willing to come to the spot again owing to others' uncivil deeds, which is a strike to the development of the local tourism. For another, some uncivil phenomena directly lead to the damage to scenic spots that are of great value.
To sum up, uncivilized behaviors have influenced a lot on the images of our cities and our country. Therefore， we need to take some actions to stop those uncivilized behaviors. The cities where we are living are our homes so that everybody should shoulder the responsibility to be civilized.
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, usually in February or March in the Gregorian calendar. As early as the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 25), it had become a festival with great significance.
This day's important activity is watching lanterns. Throughout the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220), Buddhism flourished in China. One emperor heard that Buddhist monks would watch sarira, or remains from the cremation of Buddha's body, and light lanterns to worship Buddha on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, so he ordered to light lanterns in the imperial palace and temples to show respect to Buddha on this day. Later, the Buddhist rite developed into a grand festival among common people and its influence expanded from the Central Plains to the whole of China.
Till today, the lantern festival is still held each year around the country. Lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors. Children will hold self-made or bought lanterns to stroll with on the streets, extremely excited. "Guessing lantern riddles"is an essential part of the Festival.
Lantern owners write riddles on a piece of paper and post them on the lanterns. If visitors have solutions to the riddles, they can pull the paper out and go to the lantern owners to check their answer. If they are right, they will get a little gift. The activity emerged during people's enjoyment of lanterns in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom, it has become popular among all social strata.
People will eat yuanxiao, or rice dumplings, on this day, so it is also called the "Yuanxiao Festival."Yuanxiao also has another name, tangyuan. It is small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice flour with rose petals, sesame, bean paste, jujube paste, walnut meat, dried fruit, sugar and edible oil as filling. Tangyuan can be boiled, fried or steamed. It tastes sweet and delicious. What’s more, tangyuan in Chinese has a similar pronunciation with "tuanyuan”, meaning reunion. So people eat them to denote union, harmony and happiness for the family.
In the daytime of the Festival, performances such as a dragon lantern dance, a lion dance, a land boat dance, a yangge dance, walking on stilts and beating drums while dancing will be staged. On the night, except for magnificent lanterns, fireworks form a beautiful scene. Most families spare some fireworks from the Spring Festival and let them off in the Lantern Festival. Some local governments will even organize a fireworks party. On the night when the first full moon enters the New Year, people become really intoxicated by the imposing fireworks and bright moon in the sky.
How to be a civilized citizenCivilization is a ship that can sail the ocean carrying you to find the sun every morning; Civilization is a bridge that allows people all over the world create a better home; civilization, it is five thousand years the Chinese nation's traditional virtue . Therefore, we must do in many ways: do not spit, throw scraps of paper, do not take pieces of chalk to play, up and down stairs all right line, see the teacher and take the initiative to greet guests to use Mandarin.
Love flowers, trees and all facilities, not through the green belt. Clean health care. Only do this, or even more, they will not disappoint in school education, live in the community culture, and live in the ancient nation "ceremonies" reputation. I believe that only we walk hand in hand, our collective respect and in a civilized, is not difficult. So now, from ourselves and from side to start, let us to the "civilized" the end of the move!
There will be a speech on our school playground this Saturday afternoon, whose theme is “To civilize schoolyard is my responsibility”。 All the teachers and students are required to attend. In the activity, the first two winners in each grade will give such valuable advice as follows: we should not litter anywhere in order to keep our campus clean; we should love flowers, grass and trees so that everyone can enjoy the greenness; we should behave well instead of running after one another, quarreling and fighting noisily; we should care for others so that our school will be full of love. We believe our school will become more and more beautiful and peaceful.
一个星期六下午，在我们学校操场上有个演讲，其主题是“文明的校园是我的责任”。所有的老师和学生都必须参加。在活动中，每个年级的第一个获奖者将给予宝贵的意见如下：我们不应该乱扔垃圾，保持校园清洁;我们应该爱花，草和树让每个人都能享受到绿色;我们应该表现好而不是追逐，争吵，打闹;我们应该关心别人，我们的学校将会充满爱。我们相信我们的学校也会变得更加美丽和宁静。
Dear Editor,
Recently graffiti has become more noticeable in my college. I feel quite annoyed at them, especially when some of my classmates praise them as a kind of so-called art. Confronted with this impolite phenomenon, I can’t help asking myself: what is wrong with today’s teenagers?
In my opinion, graffiti is a form of vandalism. They are a mess and are ugly to look at. Meanwhile, walls are public places, and they should not be used to express personal views and feelings。
I really think vandalism should be stopped, and those who refuse to stop this bad practice should be punished. We should clear away these ugly expressions and drawings so that our college may return to its true self--a clean, quiet place for study, teaching and research。
It is all very well to blame traffic jams,the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life,butmannerson the roads are becoming horrible.Everybody knows that the nicest men becomemonsters behind the wheel.Itis all very well,again,to have a tiger in the tank,but to have one inthe driver's seat is another matter altogether.You might tolerate the odd road-hog(莽撞驾车者)，the rude and inconsiderate driver,but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is theexception to the rule.Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to OtherDrivers"campaign,otherwise it may get completely out of hand.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too.It takes the most cool-headedand good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected touncivilized behavior.On the other hand,a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving thetensions of motoring.A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act ofpoliteness when they see it.
However,misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.Typical examples are the driver whobrakes violently toallow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to followingtraffic,when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;or the man who waves a childacross a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop intime.The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever theycare to.It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodiesof thesegrannies.
A veteran driver,whose manners are faultless,told me it would help if motorists learnt to filtercorrectlyinto traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise tobad temper.Unfortunately,modern motorists can't even learn to drive,let alone master thesubtler aspects of roadsmanship.Years age the experts warned us that the car-ownershipexplosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users.It is high fime for all ofus to take this message to heart.
Last Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. The water is clean and clear and we can even see fishes swimming freely in it. Beside the lake there was a sign which read “Don’t throw water into the lake!” However, a couple ignored it completely, throwing waste into the lake, while saying loudly “How beautiful the scenery is!”
Seeing this, I was sad and angry. How should they do things like that? Now, some people don’t mind their own behavior in public places. They speak loudly regardless of others’ feelings surrounding them and even pollute the environment at random.
To make our society more harmonious, I appeal to the whole society to mind our own behavior in public places and small good things in our daily life which surely make a big difference to our world.
In recent years, there are more and more Confucius Institutes being built all around the world, which shows that our Chinese culture become much more popular than ever. As one of the four ancient civilizations, China has long history and creates many splendid cultures. The ancient culture once had great influence on the world, such as Japan, South Korea and other Asian and European countries.
近年，世界各地建立了越来越多的孔子学院，这表明我们的中国文化比过去更受欢迎了。作为四大文明古国之一，中国有着悠久的历史并且创造了许多辉煌的文化。古代文化曾经对世界产生了巨大影响，比如日本，韩国以及其他欧亚国家。
From the respect of school, Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Legalism are the main schools created in ancient China, and they also have great influence on the Modern China and the world, especially the Confucianism. They deeply root in traditional Chinese culture and people’s daily lives.
就学校方面来看，儒家、墨家、道家以及法家是中国古代开创的主要流派。它们也对现代中国和世界产生了巨大影响，尤其是儒家思想。它们深深的根植于传统的中国文化和人们的日常生活中。
Specially, kung fu, traditional Chinese painting, poem, opera, cooking, clothing, architecture and many other kinds of cultural forms make up the splendid Chinese culture. The kinds listed above are the typical ones which connect to each other at the same time. For example, painting, clothing and architecture has many things in common. And each kind of cultural form contains numerous intentions.
特别地，功夫、传统的中国绘画、诗歌、戏剧、烹饪、服饰、建筑以及很多其他种类的文化形式组成了辉煌的中国文化。以上列举的种类都是典型的，同时也是相互联系的。例如，绘画、服饰和建筑有很多的共同之处。每一种文化形式都包涵了大量的意向。
In short, Chinese culture are the accumulation of Chinese history, which makes Chinese culture colorful and prosperous. If one wants to know or study Chinese culture deeply, he or she must spend much time in it, otherwise he or she can only get the tip of an iceberg.
简而言之，中国文化是中国历史的累积，历史使得中国文化丰富多彩和繁荣。如果一个人想要深入了解或者学习中国文化，他必须花大量的时间在上面，否则只能得到冰山一角。
The Yellow River is about 5,000 kilometers long. It is the second longest river in China, only second to the Yangtze River. With its origin in Qinghai Province, the Yellow River flows through nine provinces of China such as Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, and Shanxi, and finally pours itself into the Bohai Sea. Because it carries a lot of silt, the water of the River is in yellow. In Chinese history, the Yellow River basin influences Chinese civilization significantly and is also the major birthplace of Chinese nation. Therefore, the Yellow River is called "the Cradle of Chinese Civilization" and "Mother River" of China.
黄河全长约5000公里，是中国第二长河，仅次于长江(the Yangtze River)。黄河发源于青海省，流经中国青海、四川、甘肃、宁夏、陕西等9个省区，最后流入渤海。由于夹带了大量的泥沙(silt)。黄河的河水呈黄色。在中国历史上，黄河流域给中华文明带来了巨大的影响，也是中华民族最主要的发源地。因此黄河被称为“中华文明的摇篮(cradle)”和中国的“母亲河”。
My dear fellow students,The Olympics are just around the corner. Today I want to talk about good manners and courtesy.
We Chinese have always been respected and highly praised for good manners and courtesy, which have, as well, become precious traditions of our people. In a couple of weeks beyond, a large number of foreign friends will come to China to join us in enjoying the Olympics. Before foreign guests, we should have an easy manner and behave politely and warm-heartedly. In public places, such ugly behaviors as uproar, pushing or squeezing together, spitting and so on should be determinedly forbidden. In a sense, each of us will not simply stand for ourselves but stand for China. Therefore, boys and girls, let’s do it well right now and the eyes of the world are to on us!
我亲爱的同学,奥运会是指日可待。今天我要讲礼貌和礼貌。
我们中国人一直尊重和高度赞扬了礼貌和礼貌,,,,成为我们的人民的宝贵传统。在几周内,大量的外国朋友来中国和我们一起享受奥运会。外国客人之前,我们应该有一个简单的方式和行为礼貌和点到点。在公共场所,骚动等丑陋的行为,推动或挤压在一起,应该坚决禁止随地吐痰等等。从某种意义上说,我们每个人将不仅代表自己但代表中国。因此,男孩和女孩,让我们现在做得很好,全世界的目光都在我们身上!