unit 2 the environment
project
teaching aims 1.help ss learn and use english by doing a project.
2. encourage ss to use they have learnt to complete a project.
teaching important points help ss how to plan and do research for the report.
teaching difficult points
help ss how to cooperate each part of work together.
teaching methods
1.students-centered.
2.teacher & students’ interaction.
3.multimedia way.
teaching aids 1. the multimedia.
2. the blackboard.
teaching procedures:
step 1 lead-in
show some pictures of the yangtze river and tell ss the purpose of the class.
step 2 learning the text
1) divide ss into groups and ask them to read their assigned paragraph and report the main idea of the if to the class.
p1 the environmental problems of the yangtze river have raised concern.
p2 many people have recognized the importance of protecting the yangtze river and many environmental organizations and projects have been set up.
p3 two special government projects are under way to protect the river. one is the water and soil preservation project.
p4 the second project is a nature reserve for white-flag dolphins.
p5 the environmental situation of the yangtze river is improving.
2) encourage ss in other groups to raise as many questions as possible.
3) ask ss to read the report carefully and answer the questions.
4) ask ss to form into groups and discuss the following questions.
a.why have the environmental problems of the yangtze river raised concern both nationally and internationally?
b.what does the green river organization do?
c.what problems do the two government projects focus on?
d.what did farmers have to do under the water and soil preservation project?
e. what does the second project concern?
extension questions:
f. do you think the environmental situation of the yangtze river is getting better? why?
g. what else can we do to protect the yangtze river?
5) ask ss to read the article again and analyse the structure of it.
6) ask ss to do close test.
7) have ss do part b1 & b2, d1 & d2.
step 3 writing a report
planning
● work in small groups. discuss what you read on the previous page, briefly discuss the questions below and then decide on a topic for your report. have it approved by your teacher.
what do you think are the biggest environmental problems in china?
the topic for your report will be ___________________________.
● discuss the tasks listed below and decide which group members will be responsible for each task. write the names beside the work each member is going to do. (remember, two or three people can work on the same task!)
research __________________________________________________
write the outline ____________________________________________
write the report ____________________________________________
preparing
● members responsible for doing research need to find information from various sources on the topic you have chosen. the group should discuss the information found, and decide what to increase include in the report and what to leave out.
● those responsible for writing the outline should organize the information the group has decided to use and write an outline for the report using that information. the outline should be approved by the whole group.
producing
● group members who are writing the report will have to write it based on the outline.
● all group members should edit the report before it is passed on to another group for editing. your group will be editing another group’s report at the same time.
● while editing, you should read the report closely and look for the following:
sentence structure organization punctuation
vocabulary grammar spelling
● during the editing stage, correct any mistakes you find and offer suggestions to the group on how they can improve their report. ask for comments on your report as well.
presenting
● the report should be written and checked once more for mistakes.
● present your report to the class.
● put your report up on the display wall of your classroom for everyone to see.
self-assessment
● reading for information?
● presenting your point of view?
● reading a report about environmental protection?
● writing a report?
if you are not confident about some of the items above, make an action plan so you can improve on them.
m5u2 the environment
language points
reading:
1. i am talking to you about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
waste名词(不可数)、形容词、动词
1)认为它是一张废纸，他们可能把它扔掉了。
they probably threw it away, thinking it was waste paper.
2) 同她争论是浪费时间。
it is a waste of time arguing with her.
3) 浪费时间来讨论这件事是如何发生是没有用的。
it is no use wasting time discussing how it happened.
4) 我多么后悔浪费了这么多时间玩电脑游戏。
how i regretted wasting so much time playing computer games.
2. factories produce large amounts of poisonous chemicals.
a large amount of= large amounts of 修饰不可数名词
人们急需大量的金钱。
a large amount of money is needed badly.
复习几个“大量的”相关词组：a great deal of +______________; a large quantity of/large quantities of +__________
3. these boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.
a large number of= large numbers of 修饰可数名词复数
the number of +名词复数 表示…的数量/数目，后面的谓语动词用单数
1) a number of students are admitted (admit) to our school this term.
2) the number of the students admitted to our school is increasing (increase) year by year.
躺，位于 lie---lay---lain---lying
说谎 lie---lied---lied---lying
放置，下蛋，产卵lay---laid---laid---laying
the little boy lied to his mother he saw the white hen laid two egg and he laid them on the table, but in fact, it usually lays one egg every day.
4. result in (l16)
lead to sth :导致=result in=contribute to=cause
the discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught (catch).
反义词：result from= happen because of 因…而起，起因于
1) three people were killed in the accident.
the accident resulted in three people being killed.
=three people ‘s death resulted from the accident.
2) the new building fell because of its soft base.（句型转换）
the falling of the new building resulted from its soft base.
=its soft base resulted in the falling of the new building.
5. the world’s population has grown by more than six times what it was in 1800.
倍数表达法
…times +as+adj./adv.+as+…
…times +比较级+than…
…times +the +名词（size /width/length/depth/weight/…）+of+…
这条河流是那条河流的四倍长。
this river is four times as long as that one.
this river is three times longer than that one.
this river is four times the length of that one.
grow /increase /rise/climb to 增加到 grow /increase /rise/climb by增加了
1) 工人们正全力以赴，力争使产量增长到五年前的三倍。
the workers are going all out to make the output rise to three times what it was five years ago.
2) 这座城市居民的收入在过去的两年里增加了百分之六十，这让人感到惊讶。
it is amazing that the income of the people in the city has increased/risen by60 percent in the last two years.
6. it’s our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
cut back on/upon 削减，缩减 ,减少，降低
1）政府坚决不减少搜索本﹒拉登的花费，最终他们成功地把他干掉了。
the government insisted on never cutting back on the cost of the search for bin laden and at last they succeeded in killing him.
2）许多公司正在削减人员。
many companies are cutting back on staff at the moment.
3）因为新产品销售不好，董事会成员决定削减产量。
as the new products aren’t selling well, the members of board have decided to cut back on production.
7. it is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
concern vt 与…有关，关系到，关于 n.关心、焦虑、忧虑
concerned adj. 担心的、关心的、挂念的
be concerned about/for 担心，担忧。
be concerned with 关心，关注，对。感兴趣 ; 与。。。有关
as far as sb/sth is concerned 就…来说，就…而论
concerning prep. 关于
1)当船正在下沉的消息传来时，每个人都充满了忧虑。
everybody was filled with concern when news came that the ship was sinking.
2)我们都在为她的安全担忧。
we ‘re all concerned for/about his safety.
3)这件事与我们大家都有关。(concern/ be concerned with)
this matter concerns us all/we are concerned with this matter..
4)关于他的未来，他与他最亲密的朋友谈了很多。
concerning his future, he talked a lot with his closest friend.
5)就我个人而言，这种坏天气出去散步不是什么好主意。
as far as i am concerned, walking in such bad weather is not a good idea.
8.be seen as ...(p 23, l29) 被看成。 ;被认为是。
be seen as + n/doing
1) 贫困和富裕被看成是一块硬币的两面。
poverty and wealth are seen as the two faces of the same coin.
2) 他被看成愚笨、坏脾气，不乐意容人。
he is seen as being stupid, bad-tempered and unwilling to tolerate others.
类似“be seen as”的词组还有：be considered as ; be looked on as ; be thought of as;be referred to as; be treated as
9 asking around, i find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.(l48)
asking around=when i ask around
1）一听到这个消息，他就忍不住哭了起来。
hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying.
2）患有心脏病多年，王教授不论走到哪儿都必须随身带着药。
having suffered from heart trouble for years, the president has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes。
3）被带领参观完实验室之后， 校长又带领我们参观了图书馆。
having been shown around the lab, our headmaster showed us around our library.
10.what if they run out ? 它们要是耗完了会怎么样？
what if... =what would happen if ... “要是。。。。会怎么样？”
火车要是晚点会怎么样呢？
what if the train is late?
sth run out (某物)耗完、用尽
sb run out of sth 某人用完、耗尽某物
汽油已经用光了。
the petrol has run out /has been run out of /has been used up.
project:
11.range (n.) 范围 a wide range of 大量的，各种各样的，多种多样的
该公司销售价格差异很大的新车子。
the company sells new cars with a wide range of prices.
range (v.) 范围是。 range from ...to..../range between...and...
他们的年龄在25至50之间。
their ages range from 25 to 50/range between 25 and 50.
12. rely on it for water.(l5)
rely on :count or depend on sb./sth. 依赖，指望
1) nowadays we rely increasingly on computers to help (help) us.
2) you can rely on me to keep (keep) your secret.
3)i relied on you(r) coming( come)early.
4)他这个人靠不住。
he can’t be relied on.
5）you may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。
13.two special government projects are also under way.(p12)
under way:已在实施中，正在进行中
1)the project is under way.
2)economic recovery is already under way.
way常用词组：
in a way在某种程度上
in no way 决不
in this/that way 以这种/那种方式
in the way 妨碍、挡道
by way of: 途径
no way 没门
on one’s (the ) way 1）在途中 2）即将来临
all the way : 一路上，自始至终
lead the way 领路，带路
feel one’s way摸索前进
lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way （辛苦地）前进
make way for 让路，让位
in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass
result in sb/one’s doing
类似的： imagine sb/one’s doing ; mind sb/one’s doing
你介意我打开窗户吗？
do you mind me/my opening the window?
15.anytime something is burnt, carbon is put into the atmosphere.(l4)
anytimg (conj) 连接状语从句，相当于whenever
无论什么时候你见到他，请提醒他在看我。
anytime you see hinm, please remind him to visit me.
16.....the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car
that 在英语中常指代一个不可数名词， 在这句中指代carbon
北京的天气比上海好很多。
the weather in beijing is much better than that in shanghai.
17.there are times when...... 有时候会。
有时候我们会无缘无故地生气。
there are times when we are angry for no reasons.
teaching plan for grammar and usage
teaching aims
1. help ss understand verbing form as an adjective or adverb
2. master a verb-ing as attributive, predicative, object complement ect.
teaching difficult points
1. how to use verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb
2. how to use verb-ing phrases
teaching steps;
step1 lead-in
1. the children stopped____as the teacher came in
a.talk b.to talk c.talking d.talked
2. if he can stop them ____there ,i will do it
a.go b.to go c.gone d.going
3. he is quite used _____in all sorts of weather
a.fly b.to fly c.to flying d.to flied
4. doctor bethune went on_____throughtout the night
a.work www.haozuowen.net ; b.worked c.to work d.working
5. your shoes are dirty .they need____badly
a.wash b.washed c.to wash d.washing
step2 1.verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb
*attribute
it is a very moving film and it is well worth seeing
canada is an english-speaking country
the girl sitting in the corner is my best friend.
*predicative
your journey in kerya is really exciting
what you did was disappointing.
*object complement
we find the journey to america exciting.
i heard someone playing the violin in the next room.
注：在see hear watch feel notice等动词后，用现在分词构成的复合宾语，表示动作正在进行。而动词原形则表示动作的全过程，即动作已结束。
we saw the teacher making the experiment.
isaw the girl get into the car and drive off.
2.a verb-ing can be used after verbs like stand,sit,lie .these two action are happening at the same time.
they stood talking to each other .
they stood when they were talking to each other.
3.a verb-ing has a perfect form , eg having worked,
having worked side by side with many environmentalists,i know that a healthy environment and stable economy should be possible at the same time.
step 3. practise. p29 a and b
homework: 1. review verb-ing form as an adjective
2. finish the exercise
verb-ing phrases
teaching steps;
step 1: lead-in
1.-------full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.
a.we did not make b.having not make c we had not made d.not having made
2.european football is played in 80 countries,-------it the most popular sport in the world.
a.making b makes c made dto made
3.-------what the situation would be like ,they decided to keep silent.
a. having not know b knowing not c.not know d.not knowing
step 2 verb-ing phrases
1. verb-ing phrases can express
*time
seeing the big snake ,the girl was almost frightended to death.
=when she saw the big snake,………
*reason
being a student,i must work hard.
=because i am a student, i must work hard.
*result
the factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty.
=the factory keeps releasing smoke.as a result ,the air is made dirty.
*condition
preparing fully, we can achieve great things
=if we prepare fully, we can ….
2. we can also use the pattern conjunction+verb-ing to express time.the common conjunctions are when,whenever,while,once,and until.
we have to take environmental protection into consideration when developing the economy.
3. the understood subject of a verb-ing clause is usually the same as the subject of the main clause
he travelled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.
=when he travelled on the plane like this , he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.
4. we put not before the verb-ing to create its negative form
he sat there, not knowing what to say.
step 3. practise p31
step 4 exercise:
homework: 1.review verb-ing phrases
2. finish the exercise
unit 2 the environment教案
一。重点短语
1. 按照我们一贯的程序 follow our usual schedule
2.被工业污染破坏 be damaged by industrial waste
3.进入大气中 go into the atmosphere
4.消灭，摧毁 wipe out
5.捕捞大量的鱼不让它们有产卵的时间
catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs
6.需要更多的土地来居住 need more land to live on
7.变成一个大问题 turn into a big problem
8.环保的生活方式 environmentally friendly ways of living
9.对我们的环境现状很担忧
be very concerned about the present situation of our environment
10.滚滚烟尘 clouds of dirty smoke
11.向河中倾倒化学废物 pour chemical waste into a river
12.逃避对环境的责任 hide from the responsibilities to the environment
13.将金钱视为敌人 regard / consider /treat / think of money as the enemy
14.对帮助双方都有利的关键 the key to helping both sides
15.征询周边人 ask about the people around
16.人口的迅速增长 the rapid growing population/ rapid population grows
17.导致饮用水的不安全 result in unsafe drinking water
18.意识到保护长江的重要性
recognize/ realize the importance of protecting the yangtze river
19.正在实施中 be under way
20.禁止渔船进入这片水域 prevent from entering this area
21.为解决长江的各种问题还有很长的路要走
have a long way to go to solve all the problems
22.保护这条他们所挚爱的河流的努力 the efforts to protect this much-loved river
23.在将来会得到后人是肯定 be appreciated by future generations in the coming years
24. environmental protection 25. make space for
26. raw materials 27. economic development
28. conflict with each other 29. the expressions needs to be changed
30. do research into 31. pick out
32. present your point of view 32. face serious environmental problems
33. do one’s part 34. much –loved river
35. blame sb for sth=blame sth on sb 36.in particular
37. let off 38. last but not least
二。非谓语用法默写单
按要求或提示默写下面动词的用法
1. 坚持要求被带到… _insist on being taken to…
坚持要求做… _ insist on doing…
2. 希望…\怀着…的希望(做状语) _ hoping / in the hope that…_
3. 结果却…(做状语) _only to do …___________
4. 感激某人做某事 __appreciate one(‘s) doing sth
5. 有挑战的 ___challenging___________
有回报的 ____rewarding_____________
6. 坐在椅子上(seat的两种形式作状语) _seated in the chair
_____seating oneself in the chair
坐在椅子上(sit作状语) ____sitting in the chair
7. 和…相比(做状语的两种形式) ____compared with_________
____comparing … with…
8. 正在被…的事情 ____sth being done________
已经被…的事情 ____sth done…___________
即将被…的事情 ____sth to be done________
9. 逃避被… ____escape being done_____
10.独立主格的形式(同时主动) _n/pron(主格)+doing …______
独立主格的形式(同时被动) _n/pron(主格)+done______
独立主格的形式(已经被动) _n/pron(主格)+having been done_
独立主格的形式(已经主动) _n/pron(主格)+having done…__
11. 从句经常省略主语和be动词的前提： __主从句的主语一致_______
12. 剩下的钱(remain) __the remaining money__
剩下的钱(leave) __the money left_________
13. 考虑到…(consider做独立状语) __considering…__________
14. 动名词复合结构做主语形式： __sb’s doing sth__________
动名词复合结构做宾语形式： _ sb(’s) doing sth_____
15. 什么都没做除了做…(but) __do nothing but do …___
别无选择只好做…(but) __have no choice but to do…
16. allow的用法(2种) __allow sb to do …______
__allow doing …_________
17. 花费时间被…(spend) __spend some time done____
花费尽可能多的时间做…(spend) __spend as much time as one could doing…
18. 容易被完成… __easy to finish__________
19. 似乎要做… __seem to do …_________
似乎正在… __seem to be doing…____
似乎已经… __seem to have done…____
20. 没有必要做…(已经发生) __there is no need to have done…
没有必要做…(未发生) __there is no need to do…
21. 非谓语动词的否定形式： __not + 非谓语动词________
22. 考虑到一切(状语) __taking everything into cosideration
一切被考虑到(状语) __everything taken into consideration
23. 逮到某人做… __catch sb doing …_____
24. 使某人做…(send) __send sb doing…________
送某人去做…(send) _send sb to do …________
25. 使他们的眼睛盯着… __have their eyes fixed on…
眼睛盯着… __fix their eyes on …___
使他们的注意力集中于… __have their attention focused on…
集中注意力与… __focus their attention on…
三。 请背诵和保存：
a. 后接动名词的动词
admit 承认 / advise 建议 / allow 允许 / appreciate 感激 / avoid 避免 / consider 考虑 / delay 推迟 / deny 否认 / discuss 讨论 / dislike 不喜欢 / enjoy 喜爱 / escape 逃脱 / excuse 原谅 / fancy 设想 / finish 完成 / forbid 禁止 / forgive 原谅 / imagine 想像 / keep 保持 / mention 提及 / mind 介意 / miss 没赶上 / pardon 原谅 / permit 允许 / practise 练习 / prevent 阻止 / prohibit 禁止 / put off 推迟 / report 报告 / risk 冒险 / stop 停止 / suggest 建议 / carry on 继续 / can’t help 禁不住 / feel like 想要 / give up 放弃 / keep on 继续 / put off 推迟 / set about 开始，着手 / object to 反对 / insist on 坚持 / pay attention to 注意 / stick to 坚持 / get down to 开始认真做 / look forwards to 期盼 / be [get] used to 习惯于 / lead to 导致 / be devoted to 致力于，专用于，
b. 后接不定式作宾语的动词
afford 负担得起 / arrange 安排 / ask 要求 / care 想要 / choose 决定 / decide 决定 / demand 要求 / determine 决心 / expect 期待，预计 / help 帮助 / hesitate 犹豫 / hope 希望 / long 渴望 / manage 渴望设法 / offer 主动提出 / plan 计划 / prepare 准备 / pretend 假装 / promise 答应 / refuse 拒绝 / want 想要 / wish 希望，
特殊情况：
一、后接不定式或动名词且含义相同的动词
这类动词常见的有：like 喜欢 / love 喜欢 / hate 憎恨 / prefer 宁可 / begin 开始 / start 开始 / continue 继续 / can’t bear 不能忍受 / bother 麻烦 / intend 想要 / attempt 试图 /等。
二、 既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词
forget, remember, regret 后接不定式或动名词含义不同后接不定式或动名词含义不同
动词 forget, remember, regret 等接不定式时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后；接动名词作宾语时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前。
三、mean后接不定式或动名词含义不同
动词 mean 接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词作宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。如：”i didn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。what he said means going there by air. 他的话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。
四、try后接不定式或动名词含义不同
try 接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词作宾语时，表示尝试，意思是“试着做”。如：i’ll try to catch up with my class. 我将尽力赶上同学们。i tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。
五、need, require, want, deserve后接不定式或动名词语态不同
need, require, want, 等表示“需要”的动词后另一动词作宾语时，该动词用不定式或动名词均可，但是其语态不同，即动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，而不定式则用被动形式表示被动意义。如：the flowers need watering every day. = the flowers need to be watered every day. 花儿需要每天浇水。注意：若 need, require, want后接动词为句子主语所发出的动作，则只能用不定式，不能用动名词。如：i need to water the flowers every day. 我需要每天给花浇水。
六、can’t help后接不定式或动名词含义不同
can’t help 后接不定式时，意思是“不能帮忙做某事”；接动名词作宾语时，意思是“禁不住做某事，情不自禁做某事”。如：i’m very busy now, so i can’t help (to) clean the room. 我现在很忙，因此不能帮助打扫房间。the girl couldn’t help crying when she saw her mother again. 当小女孩再次看到母亲时，她情不自禁地哭了起来。说明：以下两个动词后接不定式或动名词(不一定是用作宾语)意思也不同：go on to do sth (做完某事后)继续做另一事) (不定式作状语)go on doing 继续做一直在做的事 (动名词作状语)stop to do sth 停下正在做的事以便去做另一事 (不定式作状语)stop doing sth) 停做正在做的事 (动名词作宾语)
七、只能后接不定式的动词和短语归纳有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词。
如ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do / try one’s best, make an attempt, (努力), learn(学习), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer, wish,希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up one’s mind(决定), offer(主动提出), apply(申请), help(帮助), fail(不能、没有), prepare(准备), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝), happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起)等。
unit7 topic 1
1.重点词汇及短语：successful，imagine，soup，biscuit，pancake，cheese，pie，western，
indian，russian，supply，know about，make money，make a poster，chat with，
on the internet，try one’s best，prepare for，think about，have a sweet tooth，later on，
in order to，get all wet，be pleased with，make an invitation
2.语法： (1)学习宾语从句(that的用法)。 (2)掌握征求对方意见或提建议的句型。
3.重点句型及交际用语： (1)i will turn to our teachers for help.
(2)i’ll chat with daniel on the internet to get more information about him.
(3)let’s try our best to make it successful.
(4)can you imagine what the food festival will be like?
(5)i'm thinking about that.
(6) i have a sweet tooth and i thank a lot of students would buy western food, such as …
（7）what’ s more , i’m sure that selling friend rice and dumplings will make a lot of money.
(8) that’ s good enough .
(9) i believe we’ ll make a lot of money for daniel igali
(10) –thank you very much . –it’ s a pleasure.
(11) may i invite you to our food festival?
(12)it’s a great pity，but never mind.
(13)will you please tell me something about yourself，…?
(14)i'll send you an e-mail later on.(15)we hope they will be successful.
(16)extension six zero zero six，please.(17)hold the line，please.
(18)i'm pleased to hear that you are trying to help others.
(19)keep up the good work.
(20)our students will sell many delicious international foods in order to raise
money for a village school in nigeria.
(21)i'm very pleased with what you are going to do for us.
二、重点短语：
1、know about 了解、知道、的情况；
know much/ a lot about sb / sth;
know of 听说过；知道
2、have a food festival = hold a food festival 举办美食节。
3、make money 赚钱
4、shall i / we …… 我、，好吗？
may i 。。。。。。 我可以、吗 ？
will you 。。。。。。 请你、好吗？
注意：will you not、 而不是 will you don’t 、
would like to do sth 想要做某事
5、turn to sb for help = ask sb for help 向某人求助
it’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
6、chat with sb 和某人聊天 chat about sb/ sth 闲谈某人或某事
7、on the internet 上网 on the line 上线 on the radio 在使用收音机
8、get sth about sb 获得关于某人的信息
9、try one’s best = do one’ s best 尽最大努力
we must try our best to study english well. 我们必须尽最大努力学好英语。
10、successful 成功的 successfully 成功地
succeed 成功 success 成功
11、it is + 形容词 ＋ for sb to do sth 做某事是很、
12、have a sweet tooth =like eating sweet food 喜欢吃甜食
13、west 西方 western 西方的；西部的；
north 北方 northern 北方的
south 南方 southern 南方的
east 东方 eastern 东方的
fujiang is in the southeast of china . 福建在中国的东南部。
14、what’s more 而且
15、serve sth 提供某食物 serve sb 为某人服务 不用 serve for sb
16、enough + 名词 形容词＋enough
enough money 足够多的钱 big enough 足够大
17、invite sb to somewhere 邀请某人去某处
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
18、never mind = it doesn’t matter 没关系
19、what a pity 太遗憾了
feel pity for sb = have pity on sb 同情某人
i pity you 。我可怜你。
20、later on 在过些时候
he will call me up later on 。过些时候他会给我打电话。
later on 后来 （用于过去时中）
一段时间 ＋ later 、之后 two days later 两天之后
sooner or later 迟早 see you later 一会儿
half an hour later 半个小时后
21、in ＋ 一段时间 （用在将来时句子中
22、 we hope they could make it successful. 我们希望他们能够成功。
（句子中的could 不能换成can）
23、打电话中的常用句子
1）may i speak to tom ? 叫tom 接电话，好吗？
2）i’d like speak to tom . 我想让tom接电话。
3）i’ll call back later. 我再过些时候再回电话。
4）this is tom speaking. 我是tom。
5）i can’t hear you . 我没听清楚。
6）hold the line ./ hold on , please. 请稍等。
7）the line is bad/busy. 线路坏了。
8）i couldn’t get through. 我打不通。
24、try to do sth. 试图做某事。 try doing sth 试着干某事
25、be pleased to do sth 高兴做某事
be pleased with sth 对、满意
26、keep up 使某物保持 keep up the good work。继续好好干。
keep doing sth 一直做某事 （表示动作的持续）
keep on doing sth （表示动作的反复）
keep sb / sth doing sth 让某人/持续做某事 让某事持续进行
keep out 不让人入内
keep up with 跟上
27、in order (not) to do sth in order that + 句子 ＝ so that + 句子
28、supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物
29、一些 little / a little +不可数名词 few / a few +可数名词
little、few 用于否定句 a little、a few 用于肯定句
30、喜爱 enjoy （具有满足感）、be fond of (对、感兴趣)
go in for (习惯于)
31、what he needs is a good meal. 他所需要的是一顿美餐。
32、win 赢得 beat 打败
topic 2
1.重点词汇和短语：cut，oil，add，pork，ham，deep，cooker，immediately，
advantage，butter，pear，patient，heat，spoon，somebody，course，southern，be
proud of，well done，cut up，be tired of，pour...over，help oneself to，table ， manners，
at the table，on sb.’s lap，start with，in one’s right hand，around the world，pick up：,at
the same time
2.语法： (1)宾语从句（whether与if的用法）。(2)不定式作主语。
3.重点句型：(1)i'm glad that you are trying to help others. (2)it's very kind of you.
(3)well done! (4)cooking is fun! (5)could you tell me how to make it?
(6)would you mind if i learn to make it from you? (7)there’s no need.
(8)when you sit down at the table，take your napkin and put it on your lap.
(9)the dinner always starts with a small dish.
(10)maybe you don’t know whether it's polite or not to speak loudly at the table.
(11)remember not to drink too much.
(12)if you can’t remember these rules，just do as other people do.
(13)people around the world have different eating habits.
(14)do you know if people in the south of china eat noodles?
二、重点短语和语法
1、help others 帮助别人
2、be proud of = take pride in 因、而自豪
3、kind adj。善良的 be kind to sb 对某人友好 n. 意为“种类”。
a kind of 一种 many kinds of 许多种 all kinds of 各种各样的
different kinds of 不同种类的 of a kind 同一种类的
4、
topic 3
1.重点词汇和短语：sale，satisfy，menu，wine，bill，salad，coke，lemonade，
worth.effort。realize，on sale，kind—hearted，take order，soft drink，main course，
be healthy，healthy eating，balanced diet
2.语法： (1)副词的比较级和最高级。 (2)继续学习宾语从句。
3.重点句型及交际用语：
(1)i hope everyone has a wonderful time!
(2)many different delicious foods are on sale，such as fried rice，meat pie，and indian curries.
(3)we’ll try to satisfy all the guests. (4)the students are so kind—hearted.
(5)enjoy yourselves! (6)here is a table for two. (7)may i take your order?
(8)may i have the bill? (9)here’s your change. ( 10)could i order the meal by phone?
(11)i'll e—mail you one. (12)we’ll send the food to you in twenty minutes•
(13)and i think you will be happier than all the students.
(14)i don't think i can eat it very neatly! (15)michael cuts more finely than she/her。
(16)also，we should never eat too much or too little.
(17)second，it's very important for us to keep a balanced diet。
(18)it's said that half of all students don't have a regular breakfast or don't eat anything at all in the morning. 。
(19)finally，we must realize that we should eat not only our favorite food but also healthy food.
(20)not all students have a regular breakfast.
(21)the more regularly we eat，the healthier we are.
unit 7 topic3
1. have a wonderful / good/ nice / time = enjoy oneself 意为“过得愉快，玩得开心”。
have a good journey 旅途愉快
have an accident 出事故
have a drink of orange 喝杯橘子汁
have a fight with 和（某人）打架（战斗）
have a fire 生火
have nothing to do with 和…无关
have a look at 看一看
have no idea 不知道
have a word with sb. 和某人说句话
2. hope 和 wish 的连系与区别
hope 一般侧重于表达有可能实现的愿望，故常译为“希望”。
wish 一般侧重于表达不大可能实现或根本不考虑是否可能实现的愿望，故常译为“但愿”。
相同点：
1） 表示“想”、“希望”时，均接不定式做宾语。如：
i hope （wish）to come tomorrow。我希望（但愿）明天能来。
2）均可与 for 连用。如：
let’s hope for the best。让我们尽量往好处想。
he wishes for a dictionary。他想得到一本词典。
不同点：
1) hope 和 wish均可接宾语从句。wish常用虚拟语气，表示一种无法实现的或不真实的愿望；而hope 用陈述语气，表示很有把握实现或得到。如：
i wish i were bird 。但愿我是一只鸟。
i hope she won’t come together 。我不希望她今晚来。
2）wish 后通常接“宾语+不定式（宾补）”，而hope 不行，如：
my parents wish （不用hope）me to grew up quickly 。我父母希望我快快长大。
3） wish 可接双宾语，表示“祝愿”，而hope 不能。如：
i wish （不用hope）you well and happy。我祝你健康幸福。
4）作简略回答时，hope 后可用替代词so 或not ，而wish 不能。如：
——will it be fine tomorrow？明天会是晴天吗？——i hope so。我希望是（晴天）。
——can we be late for class ？我们上课会迟到吗？——i hope not 。我想不会。
3. （1）on sale 意为“出售，上市”
the new model will be on sale next month 。新款下月上市。
（2）such as …表示例举；for example …表示举例说明，常用逗号隔开。如：
i like drinks such as tea and soda。我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。
for example ，john has the same opinion 。比如约翰就有相同的看法。
4. （1）satisfy 是及物动词，表示“使….满意”。如：
the answer won’t satisfy her。 那个答案不会使她满意的。
（2）be satisfied with 对…感到满意。如：
she is satisfied with her son’s progress 。 她对儿子的进步感到满意。
5. （1）a table for tow 意为“一张两人桌”。
（2）这句是倒装句，其结构为“副词here /there / now / then等+come / go / be等动词的一般现在时+名词”。
6. order的用法
1) 作不可数名词时，常与in 连用，意为“整齐；顺序；有条理”。
in the right （wrong）order 整齐有序（零乱无章）
in good （bad）order 整齐（不整齐）
2） 作可数名词时，常与for 连用，意为“定购；订货；定货单”。
he placed an order for ten boxes of apples。 他定购了10箱苹果。
3） 作动词时，意为“定购；点（菜等）”。
could i order the meal by phone？我可以通过电话订餐吗？
4） 词组或短语：
keep order 维持秩序 in order 整齐，有条理 in order to …为了…，以便…
out of order 不整齐，无秩序
7. smell 动词，意为“闻起来”，用作系动词，后面跟形容词。
类似的单词有：look （用眼睛）看上去….；feel （用心或手脚）感到….，觉得；taste （用嘴巴）尝起来…；sound （用耳朵）听起来…。还有get ，turn， become 等。这类词大部分兼有动词与系动词的作用。如：
you look very nice 。 你看上去很漂亮。
8. have the bill 意为“付账”。类似的词组有： get/ play the bill
9. change 不可数名词，意为“（找回的）零钱，找头”。
he gave me two dollars change。他找给我2美元。
change 的用法：
1）作可数名词时，意为“改变；变化；更换；调换”。
i’m going to make some changes in this room 。我打算在这个房间里做些变动。
2）作动词时，意为“改变；改造；交换；调换”。
she has changed the mind。她已经改变主意了。
10.常见的合成词：short-sighted 近视的，眼光短浅的；short-handed 人手短缺的；
light-hearted 心情轻松的；narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的；cold-blooded 冷血的；
deep-seated 牢固的；good-tempered 脾气好的；old-fashioned 老式的。
11.hold the festival 举行美食节；hold a meeting 举行会议；hold on 继续；抓住不放；（打电话）不挂断；hold one’s breath屏息，不出声；hold one’s head high 趾高气扬；hold out 伸出；提供；hold with 赞同；赞成；
12. send to …把…送到…；send for 派人去请； send sb. in 派某人去（应付困难局面）；
send up 发射；发出；把…送上去。
2）in + 一段时间，意为多久之后，用于将来时。
词组：in a minute 一会儿，立刻 ；in a short while 不久；in a hurry 匆匆忙忙；in danger 在危急中；in front 在前面；in front of 在…..的前面；in full 全部的；in line 排成一行；
in public 当众；公开地；in surprise 惊奇地；in time 及时；in the end 最后；in the open air 在户外；in trouble 处在困难中
13. the results were worth the effort 付出总有回报；
well 进展顺利；go ahead 开始，继续；go back 返回，追溯到；go by 经过（时间，地点）；go down 下降，降低；go on 发生，继续；go out 出去，离家；go over 查看，仔细检查；go through 经受，经历；
15.1）be worth sth. 值…钱，相当于….的价值；
2） be worth doing sth. 值得做某事；
16.副词的比较级
1.规则变化：1).单音节词和少数双音节词①. 一般情况在词尾加-er ，-est 如：
hard harder hardest fast faster fastest
②. 以字母e 结尾的，只加-r ，-st 如：late later latest
③. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的，先改y 为i ，再加 – er ，-est 如：early earlier earliest
2)多音节和部分双音节词，在词前加 more most 如：quickly more quickly most quickly slowly more slowly most slowly
注意：由形容词通过加后缀-ly 派生出来的副词的比较级和最高级加 more most 。
2.不规则变化：如：well better best far further furthest
17. （1）副词原级的用法：甲+谓语（行为动词）+as+副词的原级+as +乙
tom studies as hard as jim 汤姆和吉姆学习一样努力。
（2）副词比较级的用法：甲+谓语（行为动词）+副词的比较级+than +乙
lily wrote more carefully than lucy 莉莉写得比露西更认真
a. 副词的比较级前也可以用：even， still ，a lot，far ，much ， a little，等副词修饰。 liping ran much faster than liming 。李平比李明跑的快得多。
b. 表示“越…越….”时用“the +副词比较级，the +形（副）词比较级”
the more regularly we eat ，the healthier we are。我们吃的越有规律，我们就越健康。
(3) 副词最高级的用法：主语+谓语（行为动词）+副词的最高级+in/of范围。
kangkang cuts the most finely （of all）.康康切的最精细。
（4）副词最高级转换成比较级时，被比较的对象应用“any other +单数名词”或“the other +复数名词”，排除主语本身。如：mark works hardest in his class。马克在班上学习最刻苦。
mark works harder than any other student in his class。马克在班上学习最刻苦。
mark works harder than the other students in his class。马克比他班上其他学生学习刻苦。
18. better late than never 迟到总比不来的好
it is never too late to mend 改过不嫌晚
19. too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，反义词组为too little 太少。
he ate too much food 。他吃得太多。
too many 太多，修饰可数名词。
20. it is said that … 意为据说或听说….
it 代替that 从句，it 在这里是形式主语，无词义。
it is known that … 众所周知…；it is reported that 据报道；it is believed that 人人都相信；it is though that 人们认为
21. not 与all ，everything ，everyone ，everybody ，both 引导词连用时，表示部分否定，而非全否定。
若表示全否定，则可用none ，nothing ，no one ，nobody ，neither 等。