虚拟语气是英语语法考试中的重点，那么你掌握了吗？以下是人见人爱的小编分享的英语四六级中虚拟语气的要点（最新10篇），希望能够给予您一些参考与帮助。
当as if / though引起的从句所表达的内容完全与实际情况相反或者纯粹是一种假设时，通常要用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句表示与将来的事实相反，谓语动词用would (might, could) + 动词原形；
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
It looks as if it might rain.
Note: 如果as if / though引起的从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是真实的，则要用陈述语气。
It seems as if it is going to rain.
The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.
1、 If I ____ where he lived， I ____ a note to him.
A. knew， would
B. had known， would have sent
C. know， would send
D. knew， would have sent
2、 If they ____ earlier than expected， they ____ here now.
A. had started， would be
B. started， might be
C. had started， would have been
D. will start， might have been
3、 I didn't know his telephone number. ____ it， I ____ then.
A. Had I known， would ring him up
B. Should I know， would have rung him up
C. If I knew; would ring him up
D. Had I known; would have rung him up
4、 Mary is ill today. If she _____， she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill， wouldn't be
B. had been ill， wouldn't have been
C. had been ill， should have been
D. hadn't been ill， could be
5、 Were I to do it， I ________ it some other way.
A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do
6、 I ________ him the answer ________ possible， but I was so busy then.
A. could tell， if it had been
B. must have told， were it
C. should have told， had it been
D. should have told， should it be
7、 Without your help， we________ so much.
A. won't achieve B. didn't achieve C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved
8、 You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice， you ________ such a mistake.
A. Had you taken， wouldn't have made
B. If you had taken， would make
C. Were you lo take， shouldn't have made
D. Have you taken， won't have made
9、 We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school.
A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do
10、 She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night.
A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going
11、 Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.
A. could B. should C. would D. were able to
12、 My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation.
A. could B. must C. should D. might
13、 He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he's refused to go there.
A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given
14、 Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li to the party?
A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite
15、 I insisted that he ________ at once.
A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go
16、 Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all.
A. hadn't stolen B. shouldn't steal C. doesn't steal D. steal
17、 It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.
A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make
18、 He acted as if he ________ everything in the world.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won't know
19、 Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly.
A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard
20、 They got up early in order that they ________ they first train.
A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch
21、 I am sorry that he ________ in such poor health.
A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be
22、 That is a good book. You ________ it yesterday.
A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought
23、 It is high time we ________ home.
A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went
24、 I'd rather that you ________ home.
A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone
25、 If only I _________ to the lecture!
A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened
26、 —— If he_____， he ______ that food.
---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned， would not take
B. had been warned， would not have taken
C. would be warned， had not taken
D. would have been warned， had not taken
27、 I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________， she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
28、 Without electricity， human life ________ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
29、 He ________ you more help， even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
30、 If city noises _______ from increasing， people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept， will have to
B. are not kept， have to
C. do not keep， will have to
D. do not keep， have to
31、 Mike's father， as well as his mother， insisted that he ________ home.
A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay
32、 Mr. Smith insisted that he ________ the work all.
A. had done B. have done C. did D. so
33、 Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.
A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known
34、 If you had enough money， what ________?
A. will you buy
B. would you buy
C. would you have bought
D. will you have bought
35、 If you ________ that film late last night， you wouldn't be so sleepy.
A. didn't see B. haven't seen C. wouldn't have seen D. hadn't seen
36、 Our monitor requested that ________.
A. all the clastudied more carefully the problem
B. the problem was more carefully studied
C. with great care the problem could be studied
D. all the clastudy the problem more carefully
37、 —— Would you have called her up had it been possible?
Yes, but I ________ busy doing my homework.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
38、 His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk.
A. had been B. was C. be D. should be
39、 It is important that we ________.
在一些动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.
The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.
1.His doctor suggested that he ______ a short leave of absence.
A.will take B.would take C.take D.took
2.The job would require that ______ at 7 o'clock every morning.
A.he will be at the factory B.he be at the factory
C.he was at the factory D.he has been at the factory
3.Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable.
A.will wait B.is going to wait C.waits D.wait
4.The housemaster was strict.He requested that we ______ television on week nights.
A.not watch B.must not to watch
C.not be watching D.have not watched
5.It is necessary that a worker ______ his work on time.
A.accomplishes B.can accomplish
C.accomplish D.has accomplished
6.It is important that he ______ his decision before Friday.
A.will make B.makes C.make D.must make
7.You look so tired. It's time you ______ 。
A.go to sleep B.went to sleep
C.go to bed D.went to bed
8.I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
A.do B.didn't do C.don't D.didn't
9.But for water，it ______ impossible to live in the desert.
A.is B.was C.were D.wouldn't be
10、 ______ it______ for your help，I couldn't have made any progress.
A.Had;not been B.Should;not been
C.Did;not been D.Not;be
11.Long ______ the Party!
A.lives B.live C.will live D.should live
12.Mary insisted that Tom ______ her the ring back.
A.gives B.give C.given D.have given
13.My suggestion was that the meeting ______ off till next week.
A.to put B.be put
C.should put D.be putting
suggested that I ______ my homework first before watching TV.
A.did B.do C.shall do D.have done
15.He insisted that nothing ______ till he arrived.
A.must be started B.ought to be started
C.could be started D.should be started
suggests that Ann ______ the house.
A.can sell B.sells C.sell D.sold
17.It's better that he ______ it from you.
A.'ll hear B.hears C.should hear D.heard
18.It was necessary that he ______ about what had happened.
A.be told B.was told C.should tell D.tell
19.It's astonishing that she ______ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her.
A.felt B.should feel C.'ll feel D.would feel
20.It was strange that we ______ -§ short of water in the country where it was always raining.
A.are B.be C.should be D.both B and C
21.It is strange that she ______ marry such an ugly man.
A.would B.should C.shall D.must
22.It's not right that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow.
A.must be put B.must put C.will be put D.be put
23.It was impossible that he ______ the train, for he had started out very early.
A.could have missed B.must have missed
C.should have missed D.should miss
24.It's a pity that he ______ such a good chance.
A.should miss B.should have missed C.has missed D.all the above
25.He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off at once.
A.must pay B.ought to pay C.paid D.pay
Ford insisted that he ______ right, though the others didn't think so.
A.should do B.should have done C.had done D.did
27.His pale face suggested that he ______ the sad news.
A.should be told B.should have been told
C.was told D.had been told
28.He suggested that we ______ here at once.
A.should leave B.must leave C.left D.ought to leave
29.My order is that everyone ______ their own work in time.
A.must complete B.completed C.completes D.complete
30.We've made the decision that we ______ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
A.will gather B.are about to gather
C.would gather D.should gather
31.----I'll be waiting for you at home.
---- ______ I were busy and couldn't come?
A.What if B.What when C. How if D.How when
32.After he was praised for what he had done, he said，“I ______ even better under harder conditions. ”
A.would do B.would have done C.did D.had done
33.It has been raining for a day, but even though it ______ ， we ______ there by tomorrow.
A.hadn't rained, couldn't get B.hadn't rained, can't get
C.didn't rain, couldn't get D.didn't rain, can't get
34.We could not have succeeded ______ your help.
A.but for B.without
C.if it had not been for D.all the above
35.I dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend ______ differently when you were in trouble.
A.acted B.had acted C.would act D.would have acted
参考答案：
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C
6.C 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.A
11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B
15、 D insist作“要求别人做某事”解，其宾语从句用should型虚拟语气。
16、 C 这种should型虚拟语气，有时可将should省略，因此，C项的sell不能有人称变化。
17.C 本句话有“要求”的意思，故选C。
18、 A C、D为主动，在此不妥。
19、 B 选B表示了说话人带有一种十分惊讶的感情，选A项与she的人称不相一致，是错的。参见本章语法说明。
20、 D
21.B should带有感情色彩。
22.D 本句带有要求之意，故从句谓语用should型虚拟语气。D项中的should被省略。
23.C 本句带有惊讶之意，故从句须用should型虚拟语气。但由于是过去的事情所产生的惊讶，所以用should+不定式完成式。
24.D 如选A，这表达了说话人对将来的事所发出的感叹，选B则是对已经过去的事情的感叹。选C则是一个直陈语气，即说话人对此并不一定感到十分惋惜，而是对此事的陈述。
25.D insist在作“坚持要求别人做某事”时，需要用should型虚拟语气，should也可以省略。
26.C insist在作“坚持自己的观点、看法等”解时，不需要用虚拟语气，所以A、B两项用在此处不当。D项时态不准确，故也应排除。
27.D suggest作建议解时，后接了should型虚拟语气，但在本句中作“表明”解，这时不用虚拟语气，A、B两项都应排除，C项时态不当。
28.A 在本句中suggest作“建议”解，故选A。
29.D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，其表语从句也须用should型虚拟语气，本句中的should被省略。
30.D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，后接同位语从句时也须should型虚拟语气。
31.A What if…？常用于省略疑问句，既可以用于虚拟语气，也可用于直陈语气。本句不省略的形式为What would you do if。
32.B 本句的under引出一个非真实的条件，当然也可以是真实条件。根据上下文，应理解为与过去事实相反，故其谓语动词用would have done。
33.B even though=even if意为“即使”。它同if一样可以引出一个真实的让步从句，也可以引出一个非真实的让步从句。根据上文，even though是一个非真实的与过去事实相反的让步从句。而主句we can't get there却是一个真实的情况。
34.D
35.D 从全句的意思分析，a true friend-differently实际上是指一种假设，而when引导的从句又告诉我们，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，故用would have acted。
一些情态动词与动词的完成式连用能够表示对过去情况的猜测或者未实现的可能性。
1) could have + 过去分词
A. 表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测，意为，“可能做了某事”。
He couldn’t have seen her yesterday.
They could have lost their way.
B. 表示某事在过去本有可能发生，但事实上并未发生，意为，“本可以做某事”。
We could have started a little earlier.
I could have killed her. It was a narrow escape.
2) may (might) have + 过去分词
A. 表示对过去情况的推测，意为，“可能已做某事”。
He may have heard the news.
I might have come to a wrong conclusion.
B. 表示一种未实现的可能性，即本可以做某事，而实际上并没有做，有时含有抱怨的口吻。
It was a narrow escape. You might have killed yourself.
A lot of men died who might have been saved.
3) must have + 过去分词
表示逻辑上的必然性，即按照某些现象推断过去肯定发生过的某事。
She must have made a big mistake.
The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
4) needn’t have + 过去分词
表示过去不必做某事，但已经做了，即本可不必做某事。
You needn’t have woken me up. I don’t have to go to work today.
He needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
5) should / ought to have + 过去分词
表示过去应该做某事而实际上没有做。
You should / ought to have done what your parents told you. (But you failed to do it.)
You should / ought to have been more careful. (But you weren’t.)
6) shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have + 过去分词
表示过去不应该做某事而实际上却做了。
You shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have crossed the road when the lights were red. (But you did.)
They shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have left so soon. (But they did.)
7) would have + 过去分词
表示对现在或将来某时之前业已完成的动作的推测。可译为，“可能”、“也许”、“想必”。
He would have arrived by now.
She would have recovered by then.
某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如：
If you ask him,he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。
If you have finished the homework,you can go home.如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。
另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如：
If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。
另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配
1.if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时
If he runs he’ll get there in time.如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。
2.if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can
If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted.如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。
If it stops snowing we can go out.如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。
3.if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should
If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread.如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。
4.if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时
If you heat ice it turns to water.（也可用will turn）如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。
5.if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时
If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs.如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。
6.if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时
If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账
在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。
My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.
He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.
（一）形式 注：
1、在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you.。.
2、主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3、与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were +to do或should +do。 例句1：If I were you，I would study hard.我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。（与现在事实相反） 例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。（与过去事实相反） 例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。（与将来事实相反）
（二）省略/倒装 如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。
例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。 注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是： If it hadn’t been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.
但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn’t分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn’t it b
当lest, for fear that和 in case表示“以免，以防，生怕，惟恐”等时，在它们引起的从句中，谓语动词常用should + 动词原形。
He ran away lest he should be seen.
He’s working hard for fear that he should fall behind.
He left early in case he should miss the last train.
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题）
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had ， should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构，这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.（1995年6月四级第46题）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词（desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …） 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would (had)rather ， would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，（should ）+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）
⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.