[作者] 倪正德/刘丽清
conj. 和,与;就;而且;但是;然后
granted , et , but , yet , only
在祈使句后,常用and连接一个简单句,表示条件与结果的关系,它们在语法上是并列关系,但在意义上却是主从关系,也可译为“如果……就……”。如:
Work hard and you will live happily. = If you work hard, you will live happily. 如果你努力工作,你就会活得愉快。
Come early and you will see him. = If you come early, you will see him. 如果你早来的话,你就会见到他。
conj. 和,与; 而且; 于是,然后; 因此;
and连接两个动词,动作同时发生,前一个动词表示姿势或状态,后一个动词表示伴随动作,and相当于while,可译为“边……边……”。如:
They talked and laughed happily. 他们愉快地边谈边笑。
The baby watched and listened. 这个婴儿边看边听。
在口语中,and常用在go, come, try等动词后连接另一个动词,表示目的。此时and相当于to,不必译出。如:
Go and see! 去看看!
Come and meet the family. 来见见这家人。
1.by and by 不久以后
He'll come round by and by. 他会慢慢想通的。
We'll meet again by and by. 我们不久又会再见。
They'll be arriving by and by. 他们不久就要到达。
By and by the clouds disappeared. 乌云不久便消散了。
2.more and more 越来越多
a.“越来越多的” 后接名词
More and more people entered the train and the train was crowded..越来越多的人上了火车,火车非常拥挤。
b.“越来越,日益” 后接部分形容词或副词的原级,这些形容词或副词变比较级时需要加more.
My hometown is getting more and more beautiful.我的家乡变得越来越美丽了。
He works more and more carefully.他工作越来越认真了。
3.one and all 个个都
We are here one and all. 我们全都在这儿。
et us sing together, One and all a joyous song. 让我们一起唱歌,全部都是欢乐的歌曲。
4.one and only 的,独一无二的
you are my life. You're my one and only dream. 你是我的性命,你是我的梦想。
5.here and there 处处
I do a bit of teaching here and there
我零零散散地到处教些课。
So how do you squeeze an extra hour here and there?
所以如何在各处挤出额外的一小时?
6.up and down 上上下下
All up and down the street the windows bang shut
整条街的窗户都砰然关上了。
7.back and forth=backwards and forewords 前前后后
He paced back and forth. 他来回踱步。
The people swayed back and forth with arms linked. 人们手挽手,前后摇晃着。
8.ups and downs 一上一下,起伏
Every relationship has a lot of ups and downs. 每一段感情都有许多起伏。
Life is full of ups and downs. 生活是曲折的。
9.day in and day out 天天(表连续不停息)
This is a guy who lives and breathes pressure day in and day out. 这是一个日复一日生活在压力中的人。
He works hard day in and day out. 他日复一日地努力工作着。
10.day and night =days and nights 昼夜,终日终夜
night and day 夜以继日 all day and all night 整天整夜地
In theory I'm on call day and night. 从理论上说,我现在昼夜待命。
and on 继续不停地
Gee whiz, they carried on and on, they loved the evening.
啊,他们玩个没完没了,他们很喜欢这个晚会。
The old men blather on and on. 这几个老头喋喋不休。
and off 断断续续地
Sam was flicking a flashlight on and off. 萨姆啪啪不停地把手电筒开了又关。
She fascinated him, both on and off stage. 不管是台上还是台下的她,都让他着迷。
13.by ones and twos 三三两两地
They began to leave the auditorium by ones and twos. 他们开始三三两两地离开了礼堂。
and the same 完全一样地
Luckily, Nancy's father and her attorney were one and the same person
幸运的是,南希的父亲就是她的律师。
Mark Twain and Samuel Clemens were one and the same.
马克吐温和塞缪尔克莱门斯是一个人。
15.rain and shine 不管天晴还是下雨,不管境遇如何
sink and swim 听任沉浮,无论如何
16.In and out (of sth) 时进时出(某地)
Quickly dip the base in and out of cold water.
把底部在冷水中快速地浸一下后拿出来。
17.wheel and deal 讨价还价,玩弄手段,投机取巧
He still wheels and deals around the globe. 他仍然在世界各地招摇撞骗。
18.spick and span 房间、屋子等打扫得干干净净的;整洁的
The apartment was spick and span. 公寓非常整洁。
19.bread and butter 维持生活所需的
The mobile phone business was actually his bread and butter.
移动电话业务实际上是他的主业。
20.wine and dine 以好酒好菜款待客人
ou don't have to wine and dine your higher-ups. 你犯不着用酒肉来奉承上司。
and so 因此;所以
and then 于是,然后
and so on 等等;
and some 还有别的;
and all 等等;的确;此外;连…一齐都
and now 那么;那么现在
and found [美国英语](工资以外)供给膳宿[亦作 all found] and yet 可是,然而
in and out 进进出出;来来去去
and one's train 及其同类 and the like 等等;依次类推
and reason 这也是有道理的 and things [口语]等等之类 and vice versa 反之亦然;
and them 等人 and then some 至少;
and stuff 等等;诸如此类
and what not 诸如此类(等于and 等等(等于what have you);what have you或what not)
up and up 越来越好;诚实
and what have you [口语]等等[见 what 中的 what have you ]
我们熟悉的肯定是and译为“和”、“并”、时的用法,此时,and用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子,如:
Lucy and I go to swimming once a week.我和露西每周游泳一次。
They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语。
And还可以用来连接两个动词或动词词组表示动作先后发生。
此时and可译为“然后”,如:Go along the street, and take the second turning on the left. 沿这条街走,然后在第二个路口向左拐。
在口语中,and常用在go, come, try等动词后,连接另一个动词,表示目的。此时and相当于to,不必译出。如:
Go and see! 去看看!Come and have a rest. 来休息一下。
And这个单词虽然很常见,但是很少有同学能够按照表达含义或语法功能来对其进行准确的分类,有些同学还错误地认为这样一个小词并不重要,其实分门别类更有助于我们学习掌握,请大家务必重视and这个小小的连词。
英 [ənd] 美 [ənd, ən,ænd]
She and I disagree about it 。
关于这一点,我和她意见不同。
He saw you and I.
他看见你和我了。
Her behaviour and her principles do not accord (well together)。
她的行为与她的原则不很一致。
John and his wife clashed on the question of whether they should have another child.
约翰和他的妻子在是否应再生一个孩子这个问题上意见有分歧。
This comrade speaks English, and that very well.
这位同志会讲英语,而且讲得很好。
With this he got up and went out.
他说着就站起来走出去了。
Everyone should keep discipline and you are no exception.
每个人都应该遵守纪律,你也毫无例外。
Wash the white clothes together, and the blue one separately.
那些白衣服放在一起洗,这件蓝的要单洗。
This sale sounds like sharp practice to me and I want nothing to do with it.
这笔生意听起来好像有点敲竹杠,我不想做这笔买卖。
Have they tallied up the for and against?
他们统计赞成票和反对票了吗?
In that case he and she must have plotted this together.
在这件事上,分明是他在与她通同作弊。
She and me were thrown together by the meeting.
她和我因这次会议而聚在一起。
She doctors her children for colds and stomachaches.
�
He stretched and shook with me.
他伸出手和我握了握手。
I disbelieved her and her story.
我不相信她和她的陈述。
and常用来连接两个动词或动词词组,后一个动词所表示的动作发生得迟一点 。此时and相当于then,可译为“然后”。如:
Then he got out of the lift and climbed up to the fifteenth floor on foot. 于是他从电梯里走 出来,然后步行爬上第15层楼。
Go along the street, and take the third turning on the right. 沿这条街走,然后在第三个路口向右拐。
用and 连接两个相同的动词表示动作的反复;用and连接两个相同的副词,表示动作的延续;用and连接同一个形容词或副词的比较级表示程度的逐步加深。如:
The baby laughed and laughed. 这个婴儿笑呀,笑个不停。 They talked on and on very happily. 他们很高兴地谈了又谈。
She looked at me and cried harder and harder. 她看着我,哭得越来越厉害。
and连接两个数词或连接百位和十位之间,前者可译为“加”,后者则不译。如:
What's one and two? 一加二是多少?
There are three hundred and sixty-five days in a year. 一年有365天。
1、Remember, keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.
记住:保持乐观的心态,好事自然会发生。
2、The world breaks everyone, and afterward, many are stronger at the broken places.
生活总是让我们遍体鳞伤,但到后来,那些受伤的地方会变得更坚强。
3、For what do we live, but to make sport for our neighbours, and laugh at them in our turn?
我们活着是为了什么?不就是给邻居当笑柄,再反过来笑他们。
or, andor 或者,否则,常用于否定句中 I don't like apples or bananas. Hurry up or you'll miss the bus.
and 并且,Hurry up and you'll catch the bus.
and表示转折时,相当于but,但语气较弱,可译为“而且”、“可是”、“不过” 或不译。如:
I mean you eat too much, and you don't take enough exercise. 我的意思是你吃的太多,而且运动得不够。
They call me Lily sometimes, and I don't always tell them that they've made a mistake. 他们有时叫我莉莉,但我并不总是告诉他们说他们弄错了。
and用在句首,起承上启下的作用, 可译为“因此”、“那么”、“于是”等,也可不译。如:
And what's this?那么这是什么呢?
And the air today is nice and clean.今天的空气真清新。
and连接两个动词或两个分句,带有因果关系,此时and相当于so,可译为“便”、“ 于是”、“因而”、 “结果”等。如:
She couldn't find her mother and began to cry. 她找不到妈妈,于是哭了起来。 It's a fine day today, and everyone is busy. 今天是个好天气,因而人人都很忙。
一、And前后的两部分表示同时发生的动作,或同时存在的属性、特征等可译为"又……又……"、"既……又……"、"一方面……,一方面……"、"而"等。例如:
1. The process of oxidation in human body gives off heat slowly and regularly.
人体内的氧化过程缓慢而又有规则地放出热量。
2. If a body is acted upon by a number of forces and still remains1 motionless, the body is said to be in equilibrium2.
如果一个物体受到几个力的作用而仍然保持静止,那么该物体处于平衡状态。
And前后的两部分,有时表示不能同时并存的事物或动作。这时and宜译为"或"。例如:
3. The whole equipment can be assembled and dismantled3 in a matter of hours.
整套设备可以在几小时内安装或拆卸完毕。
二、有时and前面的部分表示原因或条件,后面的部分表示结果 and=so that, 译为"因此"、"所以"、"从而"等。例如:
1. Sound is carried by air, and without air there can be no sound.
声音靠空气传播,因此没有空气也就没有声音。
2. After firing the torpedoes4 the forward part would lose weight and the submarine would be out of balance.
鱼雷发射后,潜艇前部的重量会减少,因此它就会失去平衡。
表示因果关系时,也有将表示原因的部分放在and之后。这时and=because,直接译为"因为"。例如:
3. Aluminium5 is used as the engineering material for planes and spaceships and it is both light and tough.
因为铝质轻而韧性好,所以被用作制造飞机和宇宙飞船的工程材料。
除了被连接的两个分句之间有如上的因果关系外,and连接的两个句子成分之间,前后也可能有这种因果关系。例如:
4. Reproduction provides new generations and makes possible the continuation of race.
繁殖产生新的后代,从而使种族得以延续。
三、And之后的部分,有时具有让步意义 and = though, 这时可译为"虽然"。例如:
Several disadvantages tend to limit the use of hydraulic6 controls and they do offer many distinct advantages.
液压控制虽有许多突出的优点,但也存在一些缺陷,使其应用范围受到了限制。
四、And表示一种同位关系,可译作"即"、"也是"
1. When correcting, pay close attention to the seventh and last paragraph in the translation.
改稿时请密切注意译文的第七段,即最后一段。
2. We have come to the last and most important step of the experiment.
我们的实验现在已经到了最后一个也是最重要的一个阶段。
五、And有时连接两个原形动词,但并不表示并列关系而是表示目的关系
1. Allow me to go and measure the pressure again.
请允许我再测一次压力。
2. He told me that he would come and help with our design when his work was over.
他告诉我,他忙完后,会来帮助我们进行设计。
六、And 用在数字或数学概念中,表示相加
Six and seven is thirteen. 六加七等于十三。
用在the product of ... and ...的搭配中则表示"相乘",如:
The area of a triangle is equal to half the product of the base and the perpendicular7 height.
三角形的面积等于二分之一底乘高。
在带分数中,and也表示相加。翻译时要按汉语中数字的习惯说法处理,并注意half, quarter等的译法。例如:
On the average, oceans are two and one third miles deep.
海洋的平均深度为二又三分之一英里。
在"between +数字+ and +数字"的短语中,and等于介词to,译为"到",或用破折号或波浪号来表示。例如:
1. The lamp lights when the transistor8 temperature probe is connected to the rear panel and its temperature is between -20~60'C.
当晶体管测温器接到后板上并且其温度在-20度到60度之间时,这盏灯就亮了。
有时仍将and译为"和",在后面加上"之间"、"不等",仍是"到"的意思。例如:
2. Tests were performed in stirred tanks, with volumes between 5 and 50 litres.
试验是在一些搅拌槽中进行的,槽的容积介于5升至50升之间。
也可以直接用介词 to代替and。例如:
3. The incubation period is most frequently between 7 to 21 days.
孵化期大多为7到21天。
七、And用在强调结构中
1、用and连接同一个形容词的比较级,表示发展和程度的变化:
1)The patient is getting worse and worse.
患者的病情在不断恶化。
2)The power output becomes lower and lower by overloading9.
超负荷造成功率输出越来越低。
2、用and连接同义词。例如:
1)We completely and totally agree to the project put forward by them.
我们完全同意他们提出的方案。
2)The end and aim of the book is explained in the preface.
本书的宗旨在前言中作了说明。
3、有时用and重复整个句子,也是为了起加强语气的作用。如:
We need to know and we need to know as much as possible in order to adapt to the sort of changes in all aspects of science that will fall upon us like a tidal wave.
为了适应各个科学领域发生的巨大变化,,我们需要大量的知识。
and可以用作连词
and用作连词,主要用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子。
and连接两个相同的词语可用以加强语气或表示动作的反复或一再发生。
常用and连接十位数和百位数。
and用作连词的用法例句
My father and mother went for a walk.爸爸妈妈去散步了。
She majored in maths and physics (at university)。她(在大学)主修数学和物理。
She demonstrated that 2 and 2 are four.她证明2加2等于四。
and作为并列连词,意思是"和,与",并列连词用来连接具有平行关系的词、短语或句子。
1. 用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子,可译为“和”、“并”、 “又”、“兼”等。如:
Lucy and I go to school five days a week. 我和露西每周上五天学。(连接两个并列主语)
You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。(连接两个并列谓语)
They teach us Chinese and we teach them English. 他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语。(连接两个简单句)
2. 如果连接两个以上的词语,通常把and放在后一个词语前面。如:
I like eggs, meat, rice, bread and milk. 我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。
为了强调,可在两者之间分别加上and。如:
All that afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things. 那天整个下午我又唱又跳,做各种各样的事情。
把词语连接起来时, 通常把较短的词语放在前面。如:
The apples are big and delicious. 苹果又大又好吃。
3. 有些用and连接的词语,次序是固定的,不能随意改变。如:
men, women and children 男人、妇女和儿童
fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片
一、表示并列或对称的关系 and可以用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子,可译为“和”、“并”、 “又”、“兼”等。如:
Lucy and I go to school five days a week. 我和露西每周上五天学。(连接两个并列主语) You must look after yourself1 and keep healthy.你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。(连接两个并列谓语)
They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语。(连接两个简 单句)
如果连接两个以上的词语,通常把and放在最后一个词语前面;为了强调,可在两者之间分别加上and;把词语连接起来时, 通常把较短的词语放在前面。如:
I like eggs,meat,rice,bread and milk.我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。
All that afternoon I jumped and sang2 and did3 all kinds ofthings.那天整个下午我又唱又跳,做各种各样的事情。
The apples are big and delicious4.苹果又大又好吃。
有些用and连接的词语,次序是固定的,不能随意改变。如:
men,women and children男人、妇女和儿童;fish and chips5 炸鱼加炸土豆片等。
二、表示目的 在口语中,and常用在go,come,try等动词后连接另一个动词,表示目的。此时and相当于 to,不必译出。如:
Go and see!去看看!
Come and meet the famly.来见见这家人。
三、表示条件和结果 在祈使句后,常用and连接一个简单句,表示条件与结果的关系, 它们在语法上是并列关系,但在意义上却是主从关系,也可译为“如果……就……”。如:
Work hard and you will live happily6.=If you work hard,you will live happily.如果你努力工作,你就会活得愉快。
Come early and you will see him.=If you come early, youwill see him.如果你早来的话,你就会见到他。
四、表示承接关系 and用在句首,起承上启下的作用, 可译为“因此”、“那么”、“于是”等,也可不译。如:
And what's this?那么这是什么呢?
And the air today is nice and clean.今天的空气真清新。
五、表示动词的先后关系 and常用来连接两个动词或动词词组,后一个动词所表示的 动作发生得迟一点 。此时and相当于then, 可译为“然后”。如:
Then he got7 out of the lift and climbed up to thefifteenth floor on foot.于是他从电梯里走 出来,然后步行爬上第15层楼。
Go along8 the street,and take the third turning9 on theright.沿这条街走,然后在第三个路口向右拐。
六、表示动作上的伴随关系 and连接两个动词, 动作同时发生,前一个动词表示姿势 或状态,后一个动 词表示伴随动作, and 相当于while,可译为“边……边……”。如: They talked and laughed happily.他们愉快地边谈边笑。
The baby watched and listened.这个婴儿边看边听。
七、表示因果关系 and连接两个动词或两个分句,带有因果关系,此时and相当于so, 可译为“便”、“ 于是”、“因而”、 “结果”等。如:
She couldn't find her mother and began to cry.她找不到妈妈,于是哭了起来。
It's a fine day today,and everyone is busy. 今天是个好天气,因而人人都很忙。
八、表示意义上的增补 and连接两个分句,第二个分句是第一个分句的补充或进一步说明,可译为“又 ”、“同时”等。如:
If you want to be thinner and healthier,you have to eatless food—and you also have to ta ke more exercise. 如果你想既苗条又健康,你就得少吃食物——同时,你还得多进行运动。
Don't be late—Oh,and put on your old clothes.别迟到——噢,还要穿上你的旧衣服。
九、表示递进与转折and表示转折时,相当于but,但语气较弱,可译为“而且”、“可 是”、“不过” 或不译。如:
I mean you eat too much,and you don't take enough exercise.我的意思是你吃的太多,而且运动得不 够。
They call me Lily10 sometimes,and I don't always tell themthat they've made11 a mistake12.他们有时叫我莉莉,但我并不总是告诉他们说他们弄错了。
十、表示强调,加强语气 用and 连接两个相同的动词表示动作的反复;用and连接两个相同的副词,表示动作的延续;用and连接同一个形容词或副词的比较级表示程度的逐 步加深。如:
The baby laughed and laughed.这个婴儿笑呀,笑个不停。
They talked on and on very happily.他们很高兴地谈了又谈。
She looked at me and cried harder and harder.她看着我,哭得越来越厉害。
十一、and有时连接两个反义词and连接的两个反义词在句中作状语或后置定语,这两个词的次序不得颠 倒。如:
He uses a lift to go up and down.他乘电梯上楼下楼。
When C
hrist was13 born14 nearly15 two thousand years ago. manypeople,rich and poor,gave him pres ents.差不多两千年前,耶稣出生时,许多人,无论贫富,都给他礼物。
十二、and连接两个数词或连接百位和十位之间的数词,前者可译为“加”,后者则不译。如:
What's one and two?一加二是多少?
There are three hundred and sixty-five days in a year.一年有365天。
十三、and用于固定词组或结构中如:
Both John and Ann have got penfriends.约翰和安都有笔友。
The museum is between the post office and the hospital. 博物馆位于邮局和医院之间。
I love autumn because it's nice and cool.我喜爱秋天,因为它很凉爽。
and连接的两个反义词在句中作状语或后置定语,这两个词的次序不得颠倒。如:
He uses a lift to go up and down. 他乘电梯上楼下楼。
When Christ was born nearly two thousand years ago. many people, rich and poor, gave him presents. 差不多两千年前,耶稣出生时,许多人,无论贫富,都给他礼物。
and连接两个分句,第二个分句是第一个分句的补充或进一步说明,可译为“又 ”、“同时”等。如:
If you want to be thinner and healthier, you have to eat less food - and you also have to take more exercise. 如果你想既苗条又健康,你就得少吃食物——同时,你还得多进行运动。
Don't be late - Oh, and put on your old clothes. 别迟到——噢,还要穿上你的旧衣服。